Library Map: choose the right evidence in 20 seconds

1. Identify your claim.
2. Pick one shelf below.
3. Add a mechanism line that explains how it works.
4. Close with a link-back to the question.

Shelf 1. Typical Scenario

Formula: In [context], when [action] happens, [group] experiences [result].
Model: In large cities, when buses get priority lanes, commuters arrive on time more often.
Mechanism: Shorter queues reduce knock-on delays.
Link-back: This supports investment in public transport.

Shelf 2. Mini Case

Formula: In [place or sector], [measure] led to [change] within [timeframe].
Model: In one district, lending laptops raised homework submissions within a term.
Mechanism: Devices remove access gaps after school hours.
Link-back: Therefore, targeted funding improves equity.

Shelf 3. Data Hint (safe numbers)

Use rounded figures when the task allows approximate support.
Frames

• about one third of applicants choose evening classes
• roughly half of trips are under five kilometers
• nearly a quarter switched to online billing
  Do not invent precise statistics. Keep numbers modest and plausible.

Shelf 4. Authority and Research

Formula: [Source type] reports suggest that [finding].
Model: School records indicate that recorded lessons improve revision rates.
Mechanism: Replays let weaker students review key steps.
Link-back: This makes the policy effective for mixed ability classes.

Shelf 5. Analogy

Formula: [New policy] works like [simple system], because [shared feature].
Model: Congestion pricing works like a queue ticket, because paying spreads arrivals over time.
Use analogies briefly, then switch back to the main topic.

Shelf 6. Counterexample for balance

Formula: Although [risk], [condition] limits the problem.
Model: Although remote work can isolate teams, weekly in-person sprints maintain collaboration.
Purpose: Show awareness and control, not just support.

Shelf 7. Localisation

Formula: In [your city or sector], [policy] helps [group] because [specific barrier].
Model: In coastal towns, off-peak visitor caps protect beaches during festival weeks.
Mechanism: Lower footfall lets services recover.
Link-back: This protects long-term tourism income.

Evidence Verbs Ladder

shows, suggests, indicates, is linked to, tends to, leads to, contributes to, helps to, reduces, increases

Hedges
often, typically, in many cases, on balance, to some extent

Link-Back Lines

• Therefore, this addresses the question of [cost/access/health].
• As a result, the advantages can outweigh the drawbacks.
• Consequently, the proposal supports the stated goal.

PEEL E in one minute

• Point: One clear claim.
• Evidence: Choose a shelf.
• Explanation: Add the mechanism.
• Link: Tie to the task focus.
• Extension: Add a one-line counter or condition.

Repair Clinic: before and after

Before
People benefit from online learning and it is good.
After
Online learning widens access for shift workers. In one adult college, recorded lessons increased completion rates in one term. Replays let learners study after work. Therefore, the policy improves equity.

Why it works
Scenario plus mini case, clear mechanism, link-back.

Quick Selector Table

Example Packs by Question Type

Opinion
Claim: Cities should fund buses.
Evidence: In one corridor, bus lanes cut peak journeys within a month.
Mechanism: Priority reduces stoppages.
Link: This justifies higher transport budgets.

Discussion
Claim: Investment is preferable to fare cuts.
Evidence: Records show that fleet upgrades reduce cancellations more than small fare changes.
Link: Reliability matters more for commuters.

Adv vs Disadv
Claim: Tourism helps small towns, yet strains services.
Evidence: Visitor caps during holidays keep rubbish volumes manageable.
Link: Controlled growth protects benefits.

Problem Solution
Claim: Low recycling capture stems from poor bin placement.
Evidence: Blocks with floor-level bins collect more sorted waste.
Link: Design fixes behavior.

Five Fast Drills

1. Shelf swap
   Write one claim. Produce two different evidences: a scenario and a mini case.
2. Mechanism line
   For any example, add because or which to explain how the change works.
3. Balance line
   Attach an although clause that shows control of risk.
4. Data detox
   Replace any exact claim you cannot support with a safe data hint.
5. PEEL E sprint
   Write a 5 sentence body: Point, Evidence, Explanation, Link, Extension.

Two Minute End Audit

• One clear claim per body
• Evidence chosen from the right shelf
• Mechanism explains cause and effect
• Balanced with a limiter or counter line
• No invented precise statistics
• Link-back ties to the task question

Use this library while drafting. Select a shelf, write the mechanism, and close with a link-back. Your examples will sound concrete, balanced, and reliable.