Outcome Map

Clarity: choose an exact verb.
Precision: anchor with a focused noun phrase.
Economy: say the point in one clean sentence.

Verb Families with ready frames

Upgrade weak pairs
do → conduct, perform
get → obtain, receive
make → produce, create
put → place, set
show up → appear, emerge

Noun phrase frames that sound academic

1. the + adjective + noun + of + noun
   • the rapid expansion of urban areas
2. head noun + preposition chain
   • a rise in energy demand among households
3. quantifier + of + noun + in + time/place
   • a majority of respondents in 2024
4. V-ing as subject
   • Increasing tuition fees affects enrolment
5. Nominalisation pair
   • X leads to Y → the effect of X on Y
     Use nominalisations selectively. Prefer a clear verb when possible.

Compact swaps
a lot of problems → numerous problems
very big impact → significant impact
people who live in cities → urban residents

Sentence blueprints

• Claim + evidence:
  Research shows X. This pattern is evident in Y.
• Contrast:
  While A increases, B remains stable.
• Cause → effect:
  Policy X results in lower emissions.
  Noun phrase version: the reduction in emissions following policy X.
• Recommendation:
  Governments should allocate funds to address shortages.

Collocation bank

conduct a study | provide evidence | draw a conclusion
pose a risk | exert pressure | reach a consensus
address a challenge | allocate resources | mitigate impact
trigger debate | fuel demand | curb growth
deliver benefits | incur costs | yield results

Use these exactly as pairs for natural tone.

Common mistakes and quick fixes

• Overusing very: replace with a precise adjective.
• Stringing too many of phrases: keep only the essential one.
• Repeating the same verb: rotate within the family.
• Making subjects too long: move heavy detail after the verb.

Example fix
Long: The rapid and significant rise in prices in many cities has caused problems.
Clean: Prices rose sharply in many cities, creating problems.

Mini drills with answers

A. Replace the weak verb

1. The graph does a comparison of three sectors.
2. Many students get support from loans.
3. The policy made changes to the tax rate.

Answers:

1. The graph compares three sectors.
2. Many students receive support from loans.
3. The policy revised the tax rate.

B. Build a compact noun phrase
Prompt: growth + online retail + Asia + 2023
Model: rapid growth of online retail in Asia in 2023

C. Combine two sentences
A rose by 15 percent. B stayed the same.
Model: While A rose by 15 percent, B remained unchanged.

Task focused lines you can paste

Task 1 (charts)

• The proportion of solar power increased steadily, reaching 18 percent by 2024.
• Household spending on food declined, whereas transport grew modestly.

Task 2 (essays)

• Advocates argue that free public transport would reduce congestion by shifting commuters from cars to buses.
• However, limited budgets may hinder implementation in smaller cities.

Quick checklist

• Exact verb selected
• One clean noun phrase, not a chain
• Cause or contrast expressed once
• Wordy pairs trimmed
• Collocation used naturally

Ten minute daily plan

Minute 1–3: swap five weak verbs in yesterday’s writing.
Minute 4–6: create three noun phrases from news headlines.
Minute 7–8: write one contrast sentence and one cause sentence.
Minute 9–10: read aloud and cut extra of phrases.

Pocket list: band safe verbs

show, suggest, indicate, increase, decrease, fluctuate, stabilise, cause, lead to, result in, exceed, differ, improve, undermine, facilitate, collect, analyse, estimate, model, allocate, mitigate

Use this toolkit as a cycle: pick a verb, build the noun phrase, apply one blueprint, then edit for economy.